Marie Curie Biography And Facts | Marie curie Nobel prize

Marie Curie Biography And Facts:

Hello friends, in this article we are going to learn about the life history of Marie Curie (Madame Curie) and her Nobel Prize. , Marie Sklodowska Curie, Life and Work of Marie Curie, Discoveries by Marie Curie. (here is Marie Curie’s Biography)

Marie Curie was a physicist, chemist, and pioneer in the study of radiation. Together with her husband Pierre, she discovered the elements polonium and radium. Along with Henri Becquerel, She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. Madame Marie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. She did extensive research on radium throughout her life.

She characterized the various properties of radium and investigated its therapeutic potential. However, her work with radioactive materials eventually took its toll on her, and she died of a blood disease in 1934.

Curie’s Childhood:

Marie Curie was born Marie (Manya) Salome Sklodowska on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. Mary was the fifth youngest after three older sisters and one brother. Her father, Władysław, and mother, Bronislava, were teachers. So everyone got education lessons from home from a very young age. They have a passion for education for their children.

Maria’s mother Bronislawa ran a prestigious Warsaw boarding school for girls; After the birth of Maria, she resigned from this post. Curie’s mother died of tuberculosis in 1878 when Marie was only 10 years old. The death of Curie’s mother had a profound effect on Curie, so her life was impacted, and she went into depression. Mary Maria J. did not have a mother so started going to Sikorska’s boarding school.

A Passion For Education:

In 1883, at the age of 15, Curie completed her secondary education, graduating first in her class. Curie and her older sister Bronia both wanted to pursue higher education, but the University of Warsaw did not accept women. Eventually, both sisters had to leave their country to get the education they wanted. Initially, her elder sister went to Paris for education.
Marie became an administrator at the age of 17 in order to pay for her sister’s education at a medical school in Paris. Curie continued her own studies, like reading books, exchanging letters, and being tutored herself. Eventually left for Paris in November 1891.

When Curie enrolled at the Sorbonne in Paris, she signed her name as “Marie” instead of Maria, to sound more like French. Currie was a well-planned, purposeful and diligent student. She was at the top of her class for being smart and determined to do something. She was so engrossed in her studies that she sometimes forgot to eat.
In recognition of her talent, she was awarded the Alexandrowicz Scholarship for Polish students studying abroad. The scholarship helped Curie pay for the classes he needed to complete her degree in physics and mathematical sciences in 1894.

Entry of Pierre Curie:

One of Curie’s professors arranged a research grant for her to study the magnetic properties and chemical composition of the steel. which was commissioned by the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry. This research project brought her into contact with Pierre Curie, who was also an accomplished researcher. Thus Pierre Curie entered her life. Their mutual interest in the natural sciences brought them together, and in the summer of 1895, the two were married.

Pierre research:

Pierre studied the field of crystallography and discovered the piezoelectric effect, which creates an electrical charge by squeezing or wrapping crystals, creating mechanical stress. He developed several instruments for measuring magnetic fields and electricity.

Discovery of Radioactivity:

Curie was intrigued by German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen’s discovery of X-rays and French physicist Henri Becquerel’s reports of similar “Becquerel rays” emitted by uranium salts. According to Goldsmith, Curie applied a thin layer of uranium salts to one of two metal plates. Then she measured the strength of the radiation produced by the uranium using equipment designed by her husband.

The instruments detected faint electric currents produced when uranium beams bombarded the air between two metal plates. She found that uranium compounds also emit similar rays. Additionally, the strength of the rays remains the same whether the compounds are in a solid or liquid state.

Curie continued to experiment with more uranium compounds. She experimented with a uranium-enriched metal called pitchblende and found that even after the uranium was removed, the pitchblende emitted a stronger ray than that emitted by pure uranium. She suspected that this indicated the existence of an undiscovered element.

In 1897, her daughter Irène was born. To support her family, Curie began teaching at the École Normale Supérieure. The Curies did not have a dedicated laboratory; most of their research was carried out in a converted shed next to ESPCI.

In March 1898, Curie documented her findings in a seminal paper, where she coined the term “radioactivity”. In her paper Goldsmith’s Notes, Curie made two revolutionary observations. Curie said that measuring radioactivity would make it possible to discover new elements. And, radioactivity was a property of atoms.

The Curies worked together to examine loads of pitchblende. The Curies developed a new protocol to separate pitchblende into its chemical constituents. Marie Curie often worked late into the night, stirring her equally tall cauldron with an iron rod.

Curie discovered that one of the chemical elements – one like Bismuth and the other like Barium – was radioactive. In July 1898, the Curies published their findings: the bismuth-like compound contained a previously undiscovered radioactive element, which they named polonium after Marie Curie’s native country Poland. By the end of that year, they had isolated another radioactive element. Which they named Radium. The Latin word for ray comes from “radius”. In 1902, Curie announced that he had succeeded in extracting pure radium. This is how radium was discovered.

Pierre Curie’s help

In June 1903, Marie Curie was the first woman in France to defend her doctoral thesis. In November of the same year, Curie, along with Henri Becquerel, was named Nobel Prize laureate in physics for their contribution to the understanding of “radiation phenomena”. The nominating committee initially objected to including a woman as a Nobel laureate, but Pierre Curie insisted that the original research was by his wife. Marie Curie’s name was considered next.

100 years of Nobel Prize:

In 1906, Pierre Curie died in a tragic accident when a horse-drawn wagon ran off the road. Marie Curie later held the position of Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Science at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to act in the role.
In 1911, Mary was awarded the second Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of the elements polonium and radium. In honor of the 100th anniversary of her Nobel Prize, 2011 was declared the “International Year of Chemistry”.

Impact of First World War:

As her radioactivity research progressed, Curie’s laboratories became inadequate. The Austrian government decided to recruit Curie, to conduct her experiments at the school. Offered to build a state-of-the-art laboratory for her. Curie negotiated with the Pasteur Institute to create a radioactivity research laboratory. By July 1914, the Radium Institute now the “Curie Institute” was almost complete. But World War I broke out in 1914 and Curie had to suspend her research. She then took on the task of organizing a fleet of mobile X-ray machines for front-line doctors.

After the war ended, she worked hard to raise money for her radium organization. However, by the 1920s, she was suffering from health problems, probably due to her exposure to radioactive materials. On July 4, 1934, Curie died of aplastic anemia. Curie’s doctors concluded that her “bone marrow was probably unresponsive because it had been damaged by long exposure to radiation,”

Madame Curie struggled from birth to death, looking for something new. continued to create her own existence. Her discoveries are appreciated today, so her name is taken with respect.

After death achievement:

Curie was buried next to her husband in the commune of Scoux in southern Paris. But in 1995, her remains were moved and buried in the Panthéon in Paris along with the great citizens of France. He received another honor in 1944, 10 years after her death.
When the 96th element in the periodic table of elements was discovered and the element was named “curium” after Marie Curie. This honor shows how great her hard work and the work she did.

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